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Regular deworming is a critical aspect of canine health care. Puppies should be dewormed starting at a few weeks of age, typically around two to three weeks, and continue until they are several months old. Adult dogs should receive deworming treatments at least once or twice a year, depending on their lifestyle and risk factors. Factors such as exposure to other animals, a diet consisting of raw food, or access to areas where feces may be present can increase the likelihood of worm infestations.

While anti-inflammatory medications are invaluable in equine medicine, they must be used judiciously. Prolonged use of NSAIDs, especially in high doses, can lead to gastrointestinal ulcers and kidney damage. As for corticosteroids, they can compromise the immune system and lead to laminitis or insulin resistance if mismanaged.

Treatment Options

- Stress Reduction Stress can significantly impact cattle health, making them more susceptible to diseases. Strategies such as providing comfortable living conditions, adequate space, and proper handling techniques can help reduce stress levels.

2. Surface Preparation Cleaning surfaces to remove organic matter before applying disinfectants is essential. This enhances the disinfectant's effectiveness, as dirt and debris can inhibit its action.

- Affect All Surfaces Ensure that all surfaces, including floors, walls, and any equipment, are treated to prevent slips in pathogen control.

Bloat is classified into two main types frothy bloat and free gas bloat. Frothy bloat is typically associated with lush, high-protein pastures, such as alfalfa or clover. The protein-rich diets cause the production of a stable foam that traps gas, making it difficult for the animal to eructate, or belch, the excess gas. Conversely, free gas bloat occurs when there is a physical obstruction in the esophagus or a lack of motility in the rumen that prevents gas from escaping.

2. Rotation of Dewormers To prevent resistance, it’s advisable to rotate between different classes of dewormers. This approach helps maintain the efficacy of the medications longer.