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3. Tapered or Flat Underheads The design of the underhead can vary. A flat underhead ensures even pressure distribution, while a tapered design can help in locking the bolt in place, reducing the likelihood of loosening under dynamic loads.

In conclusion, bolt structure is a critical element in engineering design, encompassing material selection, mechanical properties, surface treatment, and assembly techniques. A well-designed bolt can significantly enhance the reliability and durability of various structures and machinery. As engineers continue to innovate and refine bolt designs, the importance of understanding and applying the principles of bolt structure will remain a fundamental aspect of successful engineering practice. Whether in construction, manufacturing, or maintenance, bolts play an irreplaceable role in ensuring safety and functionality in countless applications around the globe.