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Factors to Consider

Space Efficiency

Functionality and Design

In addition to theft, unsecured manholes can also be vulnerable to the deposition of hazardous materials. Vagrants or irresponsible individuals might dump trash or toxic substances into open manholes, leading to pollution, health hazards, and costly clean-up operations for municipalities. By employing manhole covers that can be locked, cities can mitigate the risk of such activities, ensuring that the integrity of the urban environment is maintained.

Manholes are usually round, primarily because roundness is the best shape to resist the compression of the earth; covers are round because they are easier to manufacture than square or rectangular shapes, they are easier to move by rolling, and they can't fall into the opening.^[5] But in the United Kingdom they are nearly always square, or rectangular, in shape, at least at street level. Manholes can also be found in a triangular shape (e.g. in Cambridge, and surrounding villages).^[6]

Utilizing Chemical Grout – The application of grout acts as a water barrier that also stabilizes the soil surrounding the manhole. This process strengthens the soil surrounding the manhole and provides the support needed to eliminate issues with water infiltrating manholes, pipe joints, and mainlines.

Despite their ecological importance, gully grids often face threats from human activities. Urban development, deforestation, and intensive farming practices can disrupt the natural formation and function of these systems. When vegetation is removed, the soil becomes more prone to erosion, leading to the degradation of the gully grid. Additionally, the construction of impermeable surfaces, such as roads and buildings, can alter water flow patterns, causing increased runoff and sedimentation in nearby water bodies.

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