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Sodium Benzoate, known by its E-number E211, is the sodium salt of benzoic acid. It is widely used as a preservative in acidic food products, such as fruit juices, carbonated drinks, pickles, and salad dressings. The action of Sodium Benzoate is primarily antimicrobial; it inhibits the growth of yeasts, molds, and some bacteria, effectively extending the shelf life of various food items.

Despite being a weak acid, citric acid generally does not pose health risks when consumed within normal dietary limits. However, excessive intake might lead to discomfort or digestive issues in some individuals. As with all food additives, monitoring and regulating usage levels is crucial to ensure safety.

The efficacy of 70% isopropyl alcohol in killing pathogens is well-documented. This concentration is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including enveloped viruses like the influenza virus and coronaviruses. It works by disrupting cell membranes and denaturing proteins, making it a preferred choice for disinfecting surfaces and equipment in healthcare settings.