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The transformation of acetic acid to formic acid can involve several chemical processes, one of the most typical being the oxidative decarboxylation of acetic acid. In this reaction, acetic acid undergoes oxidation, where the carbon atom in the carboxyl group loses carbon dioxide (CO₂) upon reacting with oxidizing agents. Subsequently, the remaining structure stabilizes into formic acid. Research has indicated that using catalysts, such as metal oxides, can facilitate this transformation, making it more efficient and commercially viable.
acetic acid to formic acid

However, the use of E123 has not been without controversy. Concerns over the safety of synthetic dyes, including E123, have been raised over the years. Studies have suggested potential links between artificial food colorings and hyperactivity in children, as well as other health issues. As a result, certain regions, particularly in the European Union, have imposed strict regulations on the use of E123 and similar additives. In fact, warnings must be placed on products containing E123, informing consumers that it may have an adverse effect on activity and attention in children.
e123 food additive
