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Operating temperatures for engine oil seals (see Fig. 14.1¹ and cross-section of lip seal with garter spring in Fig. 14.2²) vary widely, depending on engine design and location within the engine. Typically, the rear crankshaft seal is subjected to much higher temperatures than the front seal. Oil sump temperatures vary considerably, depending on provisions for oil cooling. This allows use of hydrogenated nitrile (HNBR), silicone, or acrylic elastomers for some seals in relatively low-temperature environments (120–140°C or 250–284°F). Standard fluoroelastomers (FKM), bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE terpolymers with 68–69% fluorine content, perform well in oil service up to about 160°C (320°F). More resistant fluoroelastomers are necessary for reliable long-term performance in more severe environments.

A faulty spark plug ignition coil can cause a variety of problems with engine performance. Symptoms of a failing ignition coil may include misfires, rough idle, hesitation during acceleration, and reduced fuel efficiency. If left unchecked, a faulty ignition coil can eventually lead to engine stalling or complete failure to start.