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The methylation process involves the substitution of hydroxyl (-OH) groups on the cellulose chain with methyl (-OCH₃) groups, which enhances the hydrophobic characteristics of the polymer. This substitution plays a critical role in determining the solubility and viscosity of HPMC in various solvents. The degree of substitution, which refers to the average number of hydroxyl groups replaced by methyl groups, greatly influences the properties of HPMC, such as its thickening ability and gel formation capacity.
chemical structure of hpmc

HEC's unique characteristics have led to its widespread use in several industries. One of its most prominent applications is in the cosmetic and personal care sector, where it serves as a thickening agent, film former, and stabilizer. Products such as lotions, creams, and shampoos benefit from HEC's ability to improve texture and enhance stability over time.
hydroxyethyl cellulose chemical formula
