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Furthermore, the appreciation for aesthetic coherence in urban design has prompted city planners and architects to consider how manholes integrate into the overall skyline. Square designs can often be customized to match the surrounding environment, allowing for creative branding and community representation. For municipalities aiming to enhance their visual identity, square manholes provide an opportunity to incorporate artistic elements and local culture, making them a functional yet artistic part of the urban landscape.

Historically manhole covers have been manufactured from cast iron [3], which is iron that is melted down and poured into a mold. When it comes to manhole cover material, gray cast iron and ductile cast iron are preferred as they are both economical and extremely durable. Gray cast iron is made up of iron alongside alloys including carbon and silicon. It is the carbon that results in the strength associated with cast iron. Ductile cast iron differs from gray cast iron because manganese is added to the molten iron during the casting process, which influences the formation of the carbon, resulting in an even stronger finished product.

While gate valves are excellent for on/off service, they are not suitable for throttling applications since partially open gate valves can lead to cavitation and damage over time. Therefore, it's crucial to assess the specific requirements of the application before selecting a gate valve. Operators must also consider maintenance schedules and the potential for wear and tear on sealing surfaces.

Such versatility underscores the importance of gate valves in ensuring operational efficiency and safety.