Wrought iron has a much lower carbon content (usually less than .08%), but it contains small amounts (1 to 2%) of slag, the byproduct of iron ore smelting consisting of silicon, sulfur, phosphorus, and aluminum oxides). The lower mixture of carbon makes the metal more malleable and ductile. As the material is heated, reheated, and hammered into shape the slag is worked out of the iron and the material grows progressively stronger and more fibrous in composition. Wrought iron will often undergo at least about a half dozen cycles of heating and working.

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