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One of the most essential classes of chemicals used in water treatment is coagulants. Coagulation is the process of aggregating fine particles in water into larger clusters, or flocs, that can be easily removed. The most commonly used coagulants are aluminum sulfate (alum) and ferric chloride. When these chemicals are added to water, they neutralize the charges on suspended particles, allowing them to bind together. As a result, larger particles are formed, which can then be removed through sedimentation or filtration. Coagulation is critical for removing turbidity and settling out organic matter, microorganisms, and other contaminants.

E105, also known as riboflavin-5'-phosphate sodium, is a food additive that functions primarily as a colorant and dietary supplement. Like many other food additives, it is used to enhance the nutritional profile and visual appeal of food products. This article delves into the characteristics, uses, safety considerations, and controversies surrounding E105.

Chemical Composition and Properties

Formic acid has a unique structure characterized by a single carbon atom bonded to a carboxyl group (-COOH). This simple structure contributes to its high reactivity compared to larger carboxylic acids. Formic acid has a boiling point of 100.8 °C and is highly soluble in water, which makes it an excellent solvent for various chemical reactions.