A 2022 review on past studies of titanium dioxide and rat lung cancer, for instance, said the original study was under extreme conditions and its effects were not replicated in other animal species. Additionally, the review concluded that the few studies which did directly focus on titanium dioxide's impact on humans did not end up showing any increased cancer risk.

Worldwide Lithopone Industry to 2027 - Use of Lithopone in the Paints & Coatings Industry is Driving Growth - ResearchAndMarkets.com

A Lawsuit Claims Skittles Are Unfit for Consumption. Experts Weigh in, by Rachel Rabkin Peachman, The New York Times, July 26, 2022

The RGB LED panel was made ad hoc, and configured for solar simulation white light (including the absorption spectra of the nanoparticles: 390–410). No heat was detected at the working distance. The retina of the albino male Wistar rats were not affected under these conditions, because the intensity and time of the applied irradiation was lower than the regular fluorescent lamp bulb in the room (216.65 W/m2) [34].