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In its pure form, phosphoric acid is a strong acid with a pH value less than 1. However, when diluted in water, its pH can increase significantly. This characteristic is particularly important in food and beverage industries, where phosphoric acid is often used as a flavoring agent and acidulant. For example, in soft drinks, phosphoric acid not only contributes to taste but also acts as a preservative. The pH of these beverages is typically between 2 to 4, creating an environment that inhibits the growth of harmful bacteria without compromising flavor.

In the culinary world, sodium bicarbonate is prevalent due to its leavening properties. It’s a staple in countless recipes for baked goods, including cakes, cookies, and muffins. Its ability to react with acidic components in these recipes not only helps with rising but also enhances flavor, promoting a distinct taste that is essential for certain products.

2. Coloring Agents Food coloring enhances the visual appeal of products, making them more attractive to consumers. Artificial colorants, such as Red 40 and Yellow 5, are widely used in candies, beverages, and baked goods. There is ongoing debate about the safety of synthetic colorings, particularly regarding hyperactivity in children and potential carcinogenic effects, prompting some manufacturers to shift towards natural alternatives, like beet juice or turmeric.