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Beyond chlorination, other disinfectants such as ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light have also gained popularity in chemical water treatment. Ozone, a more potent oxidizing agent than chlorine, can break down organic pollutants and disinfection byproducts. Its short lifespan in water means it must be generated on-site, but it offers an effective alternative, especially in water with high organic load. Meanwhile, UV treatment involves exposing water to UV light, which disrupts the DNA of pathogens, rendering them inactive. This method does not introduce any chemicals into the water, making it a preferred option for many purification processes.
chemical treatment for water purification

Phosphate compounds, such as phosphoric acid, are also introduced in certain wastewater treatment processes to help control the growth of algae in surface water bodies
. By precipitating phosphorus, these chemicals diminish the likelihood of eutrophication, a process that leads to excessive nutrient accumulation and detrimental algal blooms.