Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a white, odorless powder that is highly soluble in water. It serves as a leavening agent, acidity regulator, and emulsifying agent, making it a valuable ingredient in numerous food products. It’s often found in baked goods, processed meats, and dairy products. The chemical formula for SAPP is Na2H2P2O7, and it is recognized by its E number, E450.

Ascorbic acid, or vitamin C, serves a dual purpose in bread production. While it acts as a preservative by enhancing the overall quality of the dough and improving the bread’s texture, it also contributes to the nutritional profile of the product. Ascorbic acid strengthens gluten, which is critical for maintaining the bread structure. By improving dough elasticity and gas retention, it helps produce lighter and fluffier loaves, thus enhancing the eating experience.