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There are different types of spark plugs available on the market, each designed for specific engine types and operating conditions. The most common types are copper, platinum, and iridium spark plugs. Copper spark plugs are the most affordable and provide good performance for everyday driving. Platinum spark plugs offer better longevity and performance, while iridium spark plugs are the most durable and provide the best spark performance.

Obtaining adequate adhesion of fluoroelastomer compounds to metal inserts is a major consideration in fabrication of shaft seals. Adhesive systems worked out for bisphenol-cured VDF/HFP/TFE elastomers often do not perform adequately for peroxide-curable fluoroelastomers and more base-resistant polymers that contain little or no VDF. The trend toward use of more resistant fluoroelastomers in shaft seals has necessitated considerable effort on compounding and adhesive system development to get adequate bonding of the new materials. Silane-type primers are often used to coat metal inserts; these contain residual active groups such as amine functions that interact with the fluoroelastomer compound to attain good adhesion, especially for VDF/HFP/TFE elastomers. Other adhesive systems, using epoxy compounds or tie-coats, may be necessary for difficult bonding situations.³